A model marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, subjected to two years of high CO2 and/or warming stress, was evaluated using a combination of transcriptomic analysis, whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, and phenotypic evaluation. Methylation islands (mCHH peaks) exhibited a positive correlation with gene expression within the gene body's sub-region when populations endured high CO2 levels or a combination of high CO2 and warming for approximately two years, as our results demonstrate. Our investigation of differentially methylated regions (DMRs), at the transcriptomics level, revealed further the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their function within metabolic pathways. DMB supplier Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) within differentially methylated regions (DMRs) showed that, despite only contributing 18-24% of the total DEGs, these genes actively cooperated with DNA methylation to regulate essential biological processes, including central carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, ribosome biogenesis, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, and the degradation of misfolded proteins. By integrating transcriptomic, epigenetic, and phenotypic analyses, our findings highlight the cooperative function of DNA methylation and gene transcription in assisting the adaptation of microalgae to changing global conditions.
Evaluating neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) treatment efficacy in locally advanced olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB), and determining the correlates of NACT's effectiveness. In Beijing TongRen Hospital, a retrospective review of 25 ONB patients who completed NACT between April 2017 and July 2022 was conducted. A demographic breakdown of the group revealed 16 males and 9 females, whose average age was 449 years, spanning a range of 26 to 72 years. The study encompassed 22 cases of Kadish stage C and 3 cases of stage D cancer. All patients, after thorough multidisciplinary team (MDT) discussion, received sequential NACT-surgery-radiotherapy. SPSS 250 software was employed for statistical analysis; in turn, survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method's calculations. NACT achieved a response rate of 32%, encompassing 8 out of 25 participants. Subsequently, 21 patients underwent an extended endoscopic surgical intervention and 4 patients experienced a combined cranial-nasal procedure. Surgical removal of cervical lymph nodes was undertaken on three patients who presented with stage D disease. All patients were treated with radiotherapy postoperatively. On average, the follow-up period was 442 months, with a span from 6 months to 67 months. Within five years, the overall survival rate amounted to 1000%, and the disease-free survival rate was 944%. A pre-NACT Ki-67 index of 60% (50% – 90%) was observed, contrasting with a post-chemotherapy index of 20% (3% – 30%) in the M group (Q1, Q3). A noteworthy statistical difference (Z=-2424, P<0.005) in Ki-67 levels was apparent between the pre- and post-NACT periods. Age, gender, surgical history, Hyams grade, Ki-67 index, and chemotherapy protocols for NACT were all examined for their respective effects. NACT treatment efficacy correlated with a Ki-67 index of 25% and a high Hyams grade; all p-values fell below 0.05. A reduction in the Ki-67 index of ONBs is a possible outcome of NACT treatment. Clinically, the efficacy of NACT is closely correlated with the sensitivity of high Ki-67 index and Hyams grade. Locally advanced ONB patients experience positive outcomes with NACT-surgery-radiotherapy.
We aim to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic transnasal procedures for sinonasal and skull base adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) while also assessing associated prognostic factors. A retrospective study examined the data of 82 patients (43 female and 39 male, median age 49 years) suffering from sinonasal and skull base ACC who were admitted to XuanWu Hospital, Capital Medical University between June 2007 and June 2021. Utilizing the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging manual, the patients were assessed. Using Kaplan-Meier analysis, the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) outcomes of the disease were determined. The Cox regression model was utilized to conduct a multivariate prognostic analysis. A count of four patients exhibited stage one, followed by fourteen with stage two, and a substantial sixty-four patients exhibiting stage three. The treatment options included endoscopic surgery alone (n=42), endoscopic surgery followed by radiotherapy (n=32), and endoscopic surgery followed by radiochemotherapy (n=8). Patients followed for a period of 8 to 177 months demonstrated OS and DFS rates of 630% and 516%, respectively, over 5 years. A ten-year period saw the OS and DFS rates at 512% and 318%, respectively. Late T stage and involvement of the internal carotid artery (ICA) were found to be independent prognostic factors for survival in sinonasal and skull base ACC, based on multivariate Cox regression analysis, all p-values demonstrating statistical significance (less than 0.05). DMB supplier A statistically significant advantage in operative system outcomes was observed in patients who received surgery or surgery with radiotherapy, compared to those who underwent surgery and radiochemotherapy (all p-values less than 0.05). Endoscopic transnasal surgery, in conjunction with radiotherapy, proves to be an efficacious approach for the management of sinonasal and skull base adenoid cystic carcinomas. Late T-stage and ICA involvement are unfavorable indicators of the patient's expected outcome.
This study aims to use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze the impact of post-endoscopic anterior skull base surgery sinonasal anatomical changes on nasal airflow, heating, and humidification, and to determine if postoperative CFD parameters correlate with patients' reported symptoms. Data from the years 2016 to 2021, pertaining to clinical cases in the Rhinology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, underwent a retrospective analysis. The endoscopic resection of anterior skull base tumors led to the selection of patients for the case group, whereas adults with normal CT scans, exhibiting no sinonasal abnormalities, were chosen for the control group. CFD simulation on the sinonasal models was performed, with the models reconstructed from patients' sinus CT images acquired during post-surgical follow-up. The subjective symptoms of all patients were assessed using the Empty Nose Syndrome 6-Item Questionnaire (ENS6Q), which all were asked to complete. Utilizing the Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman correlation test within SPSS 260 software, a comparative analysis of two independent groups and correlational relationships was undertaken. In this study, 19 patients (8 male, 11 female, aged 22 to 67) in the case group, along with 2 patients (a 38-year-old male and a 45-year-old female) in the control group, were recruited. After the surgical intervention on the anterior skull base, rapid airflow shifted to the nasal cavity's superior region, causing the lowest temperature within the choana to rise upward. In comparison to the control group, the case group exhibited a reduced nasal mucosal surface area to nasal ventilation volume ratio [041 (040, 041) mm⁻¹ versus 032 (030, 038) mm⁻¹; Z = -204, P = 0.0041]. Furthermore, airflow in the upper and middle nasal regions increased [6114 (5978, 6251)% versus 7807 (7622, 9443)%; Z = -228, P = 0.0023]. Nasal resistance also decreased [0024 (0022, 0026) Pas/ml versus 0016 (0009, 0018) Pas/ml; Z = -229, P = 0.0022], as did the lowest temperature in the middle nasal cavity [2829 (2723, 2935) versus 2506 (2407, 2550); Z = -228, P = 0.0023]. Consequently, nasal heating efficiency decreased [9874 (9795, 9952)% versus 8216 (8024, 8691)%; Z = -228, P = 0.0023], along with the lowest relative humidity [(7962 (7655, 8269)% versus 7328 (7127, 7505)%; Z = -228, P = 0.0023]. Finally, nasal humidification efficiency also decreased [9950 (9769, 10130)% versus 8609 (7933, 8716)%; Z = -228, P = 0.0023]. Across all patients in the case group, the ENS6Q total scores demonstrated a consistent trend of remaining below 11 points. Post-operative nasal inferior airflow proportion displayed a moderate inverse relationship with the total ENS6Q scores, demonstrating statistical significance (rs = -0.050, P = 0.0029). Post-endoscopic anterior skull base surgery, sinonasal anatomical changes disrupt normal nasal airflow patterns, thereby diminishing the efficacy of nasal heating and humidification processes. Nevertheless, the propensity for empty nose syndrome to manifest post-surgery is slight.
Our research focus is on the prognoses of advanced (T3-T4) sinonasal malignancies (SNM). A retrospective clinical study on 229 patients with advanced (T3-4) SNM undergoing surgical procedures at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (2000-2018) was conducted. The cohort included 162 male and 67 female patients, with ages ranging from 46 to 85 years. A total of 167 cases were treated using only endoscopic surgery, while 30 cases required both endoscopic surgery and assisted incision, and 32 cases needed open surgery. To determine 3-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS), researchers resorted to the Kaplan-Meier method. In order to uncover significant prognostic factors, we utilized both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Results indicate a 697% enhancement in operating system performance after three years, escalating to a phenomenal 640% improvement over five years. The median operational span, measured in months, was 43. The 3-year and 5-year EFS percentages were 578% and 474%, respectively. The average duration of EFS was 34 months. Epithelial-derived tumor patients demonstrated a significantly better 5-year overall survival than those with mesenchymal-derived tumors and malignant melanoma, with OS rates of 723%, 478%, and 300%, respectively. The observed difference was highly statistically significant (χ² = 3601, P < 0.0001). Regarding prognosis, patients with microscopically margin-negative resections (R0) had the best results, followed by those with macroscopically margin-negative resections (R1); debulking surgery yielded the worst outcomes. The corresponding 5-year overall survival rates were 784%, 551%, and 374%, respectively, highlighting a highly statistically significant difference (χ²=2463, p<0.0001). DMB supplier 5-year overall survival outcomes were similar for endoscopic and open surgical groups, lacking any statistical significance (658% vs. 534%, chi-squared = 2.66, P = 0.0102). The study revealed that older patients faced diminished OS (hazard ratio 1.02, p-value 0.0011) and EFS (hazard ratio 1.01, p-value 0.0027).